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1. In epidemiology, the b-est description of a cohort study…
1. In epidemiology, the b-est description of a cohort study design is:
A. A population of interest, the exposed and not exposed and those who develop disease and those who do not develop the disease.
B. All females in the United States who have not been treated for cardiac disease and who did receive treatment.
C. All males in the United States who are diagnosed with prostate cancer and who did not receive treatment.
D. A population of interest randomized into a control group and has been treated for a disorder.
2. The Iowa Women’s Health Study, in which researchers enrolled 41,837 women in 1986 and collected exposure and lifestyle information to assess the relationship between these factors and subsequent occurrence of cancer, is an example of which type of study?
A. Case Control
B. Clinical Trial
C. Observational/ Cohort
D. Experimental
3. A randomized Control Trial is appropriate when the researcher
A. examines what are called main effects and interactions
B. does not include a comparison group and each subject is his or her own control.
C. suspects that pre-intervention measurement has an effect on the response.
D. covers only a specially selected population and is used to answer questions about the effectiveness of a particular treatment and is not useful for surveillance.
4. Which of the following features is missing in a quasi-experimental design?
A. Convenience.
B. Sampling.
C. Analysis.
D. Randomization.
5. The Framingham Study is an example of:
A. A case-control study.
B. An associated study.
C. A cohort study.
D. A pilot study.
6. For a case-control study the measure of association of choice is not the odds ratio.
A. True
B. False
7. A study in which children are randomly assigned to receive either a newly formulated vaccine or the currently available vaccine, and are followed to monitor for side effects and effectiveness of each vaccine, is an example of which type of study?
A. Cohort
B. Observational
C. Experimental
D. Case control
8. Which single study design is often considered as the strongest or gold standard?
A. A quasi-experimental design.
B. A variable design.
C. A level of evidence design.
D. A randomized controlled design.
9. The disadvantages of a cohort design include:
A. the requirement for comparison of proof and evidence.
B. the requirement for an intervention and manipulation of the dependent variable.
C. the high expense and the long length of time to conduct the study.
D. the opportunity to order events in time so that relationships between exposure and disease can be discovered.
10. In epidemiology, a cohort is any group of individuals sharing a common characteristic and observed over time.
A. True
B. False
11. In epidemiology, the best description of a case-control study is:
A. The study of a person who has suffered an acute event (a case) and the level of exposure preceding the event.
B. The study of participants, who are asked to reflect on what it is like living with an illness.
C. The study of a group of individuals with the disease (case) , compared to a group of people without that disease (called controls)
D. The study of participants, who are asked to describe an experience.
12. Qualitative researchers use___________sampling to recruit participants who can provide in-depth and detailed information about the phenomenon being studied.
A. Focused
B. Purposive
C. Probability
D. Convenience
13. IRB approval is not needed in qualitative research because the study participants are volunteers who have open access to the researcher and actually may influence changes to the study as they move through the process.
A. True
B. False
14. A cross-sectional study is an experimental study design.
A. True
B. False
15. A community assesses a random sample of its residents by telephone questionnaire. This study design is best described as which one of the following
A. Cross-sectional
B. Case-control
C. RCT
D. Cohort
16. Confounding is a particular problem in nutritional research because
A. many people drop out of diet studies making follow up difficult
B. it is difficult to accurately measure what people eat
C. people change their diets over time
D. many dietary components are correlated with one another, making it difficult to separate the effects
